Hàng loạt lý do khiến phân luồng sau trung học chưa hiệu quả

The current time is August 2024, which means there are only a few months left to complete the implementation phase of the Project “Career education and student orientation in general education for the period 2018 – 2025” (hereinafter referred to as Project 522) of the Government.

Specifically, for the goal by 2025, Project 522 clearly states that at least 40% of junior high school graduates will continue to study at vocational training institutions at elementary and intermediate levels; for localities with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions, the rate will be at least 30%; at least 45% of high school graduates will continue to study at vocational training institutions at college level; for localities with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions, the rate will be at least 35%.

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Many students do not know information about occupations and vocational education policies.

Sharing with reporters of Vietnam Education Electronic Magazine, Mr. Pham Vu Quoc Binh – Deputy Director General of the General Department of Vocational Education, Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs said that Project 522 has very specifically stated the goals of the work of streaming students after graduating from junior high school and high school to study vocational education levels suitable to the requirements of socio-economic development of the country and localities by 2020 and by 2025.

However, according to statistics from the General Department of Vocational Education, depending on the locality, the rate of students after graduating from junior high school entering vocational education institutions is only about 19-21% and after graduating from high school is only about 22-23%. It can be seen that the streaming work in localities is uneven and the low streaming rate is often in difficult areas, depending on the reality of each locality.

Mr. Pham Vu Quoc Binh – Deputy Director General of the General Department of Vocational Education, Ministry of Labor – Invalids and Social Affairs (Photo: NVCC).

The main reason for this situation comes from the perception of many parents who do not want their children to learn a trade early, and everyone wants their children to have a high school diploma so they can go to university.

Besides, although the Government always emphasizes the need to improve career counseling and guidance in general schools, this work has not yet achieved the expected results.

Through research, many students do not know information about occupations, preferential policies of the State related to training in vocational education; the policy of connecting vocational education and university education. A large part of the population still does not know that the rate of students after graduating from vocational education institutions has a relatively high job, about over 80%. In particular, most students still work in the right field, the right profession for which they were trained.

Furthermore, many students today are still not proactive in choosing their learning path; there are no scientific methods to explore and discover their own abilities. Instead, they only choose based on feelings or follow the crowd, trends, etc. A part of students after graduating from middle school and high school choose to go to work immediately due to conditions, family circumstances and personal needs.

On the other hand, according to the current Labor Code, workers from 15 to under 18 years old are only allowed to do a limited number of jobs. Therefore, the reality is that many high school graduates are only 16-17 years old, so businesses are hesitant to hire them. According to Mr. Binh, this can be said to be a bottleneck that the Party and the State need to consider adjusting to make the job classification more convenient.

It is necessary to continue reviewing the system of regulations related to joint training.

According to the Deputy Director General of the General Department of Vocational Education, in order to help the work of classifying students after graduating from high school get closer to the goal we set, we need to continue to promote counseling and career guidance work.

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In fact, in many developed countries, counseling and guidance work to help students discover themselves, understand their abilities and personal interests is implemented right from junior high school and even earlier. Not only that, this work must be done scientifically and systematically, with a team of experts and a separate appropriate program to implement.

Illustration photo (Source: Website of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs).

In addition, Mr. Binh also hopes that secondary schools must assess students' academic performance in a practical way, while promoting career counseling and orientation during the learning process. Thanks to that, students will be able to self-evaluate and choose the level that best suits them, their stage and the specific conditions of each student and each family.

For the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, it is necessary to continue to promote more strongly policies on training capacity, support policies for students when studying at vocational education levels (policies on tuition exemption and reduction; support for training and development for workers, etc.). Promote opportunities for higher education; policies to honor skilled workers, etc. From there, help people see that students, even if they go out to work with intermediate or college degrees, are still respected and paid a decent salary.

Continue to review the regulatory systems related to connectivity, coordinate with the Ministry of Education and Training and relevant ministries, departments and branches to create a path and method for students to be able to study throughout their lives conveniently.

For vocational training institutions, it is necessary to continue to improve the quality of staff and facilities; innovate training programs, closely coordinate with businesses to create job opportunities in the right field and profession, ensure income for graduates and create trust for society.

In addition, with the lifelong education system, when students accumulate knowledge, experience, and working skills, it is also very convenient to study at a higher level, especially when they love their industry and career. In fact, many colleges have signed agreements with a number of large higher education institutions to carry out articulation work, creating appropriate training programs, following the socio-economic development trends of the country and the world.

“Choosing the right level, the right path, and the right ability will help students choose the right career, becoming people who are “masters of one profession, brings glory to their whole life”. At the same time, it will help us take advantage of the golden population opportunity to strongly develop the socio-economy,” Mr. Binh emphasized.

Each level of education has a certain function and market share in the labor market.

Discussing the above issue, Mr. Tran Anh Tuan – Vice President of Ho Chi Minh City Vocational Education Association, although the speed of achieving the goal is not as expected, the work of streaming students after graduating from junior high school in our country has been actively promoted with better results than before.

Mr. Tran Anh Tuan – Vice President of Ho Chi Minh City Vocational Education Association (Photo: Website of Ho Chi Minh City Vocational Education Association).

According to Mr. Tuan, if we think that only students who are poor students or have fallen behind in ability can enter vocational schools or simply look at students who, after graduating from junior high school or high school, go to vocational education systems to quickly get a job, it is not enough and not comprehensive in choosing a vocational path.

In reality, not all students after finishing high school will continue to study well at university, but must base on the level, form of career choice and which education system is suitable for each person's ability, conditions and needs.

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Therefore, if any student finds that he/she does not have the conditions, needs, or interests to study at university, he/she can choose to study a vocational course at intermediate or college levels that are suitable for him/her. This will create suitable career values, quickly and effectively participate in the labor market, and support himself/herself.

“Success will be easier and more favorable if you “study” the right field, suitable for your strengths and personality, and seize opportunities… not because your degree determines success. Therefore, students need to pay attention to choosing a career that is suitable for each individual, their ability, passion, and suitability. In particular, during the learning process, it is necessary to focus on practicing, learning, improving, and synchronizing professional values ​​for yourself,” said Mr. Tuan.

Mr. Tuan informed that the development of Vietnam's labor market in the coming years will have 4 main development trends, including increasing the number of workers on technology platforms; career transition associated with soft skills; simple labor will become weaker; the trend of “start-up, self-employment” labor will increase.

Investment in machinery, production automation and digital technology applications will gradually become popular and change the form of employment in the labor market.

According to statistics, in Vietnam, about 68% of jobs currently require knowledge of digital skills with basic digital skills while 1/5 of jobs require specialized digital skills. Currently, the demand for trained human resources accounts for an average of over 90% of the labor market in our country. Of which, the demand for human resources through university training accounts for an average of 20%, college accounts for 18%, intermediate accounts for 27% and primary accounts for 25%.

Thus, when each level of education has its own function and a certain market share in the labor market, the problem of students after graduation, regardless of the level of education, still being able to work in the right profession and field will no longer be too difficult.

The problem is that students must consider their own learning ability, financial ability, and family to choose the appropriate major and level of study. If students always study and work with all responsibility and passion, they will certainly succeed in their life journey in terms of income, life, and career.

In fact, the training at most colleges and universities today focuses on practicality, closely linked to businesses, and serves the recruitment needs of society. Therefore, during the training process, students will be proactively trained to learn and master vocational skills, easily integrating into real work right after graduation. After graduation, students also have good expertise, can quickly catch up with work and quickly integrate into the labor market…

According to Mr. Tuan, the current streamlining work in our country cannot be achieved as expected due to a number of reasons. First of all, in reality, the mindset of many students and parents still wants their children to go to high school to smoothly enter university.

Not only that, although the Party and State's policies are very clear, the current streamlining work is still not consistent. In many vocational training institutions, training is still fragmented, and facilities are limited. Besides, the teaching of culture in vocational schools currently has many problems and has not reached a consensus…

These reasons make many parents and students hesitate to send their children to vocational education institutions.

To overcome these difficulties, Mr. Tuan said that it is necessary to continue to promote the work of student orientation after graduating from junior high school, creating persuasion for parents whose children want to study at vocational training institutions but their families still oppose it. In addition, it is necessary to focus on improving the secondary school system, creating schools that train key industries so that parents can be more confident when choosing.

Tuong San

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